THE BUTEYKO METHOD
Prof. Konstantin Pavlovich Buteyko, a 75 year old Siberian doctor, has started a veritable Russian revolution in the treatment of pulmonary disorders. It is a revolution which says if you're short of breath, breathe less.
The experts of the old order gasp. "But surely," they say, "more oxygen is what sufferers need. If they breathe too shallowly, their carbon dioxide will increase." Yes. And that's just what the Russian doctor ordered.
During forty years of research, Bureyko treated over 100,000 patients with asthma and discovered that 90% of them are chronic low-level hyper-ventilators. But his research remains in the cold as far as the Western scientific communities are concerned. It is, after all, only forty years since the Russians beat the West in the first lap of the space race. Then the doors to Russian research were begrudgingly prised open, but just enough to allow a peak. The West didn't want another Sputnik to sneak past.
Alexander Stalamatski, a 45-year-old treated by Buteyko for allergies and chronic fatigue, is in the vanguard of the Western front. In 1994 he made some in-roads in Australia by persuading the Mater Hospital, Brisbane, to do a trial to determine if the Russian doctor's methods actually worked. One group of asthmatics were given conventional advice and asthma education, including relaxation techniques and abdominal breathing exercises. The second group were taught Buteyko's methods. This involves learning to control the urge to breathe ever more deeply.
An asthma attack progresses through four very well defined stages. Conventionally perceived, the first stage is a narrowing of the airways (the bronchioles) leading to lack of oxygen. This is immediately followed by hyperventilation, an attempt to inhale more oxygen. This causes further narrowing of the bronchioles and still less oxygen. Since oxygen is alkaline and carbon dioxide acidic, the unbalanced oxygen/carbon dioxide ratio creates the fourth stage, acidosis, which traps air in the lungs and heightens hyperinflation.
Buteyko controversially claims that the real first step goes unrecognised. That, in fact, asthmatics chronically blow off too much carbon dioxide, the chemical stimulant for breathing. Furthermore, Buteyko claims that the body copes by narrowing the bronchioles in an attempt to reduce breathing. It is the asthmatic's maladaptive response, blowing off ever more carbon dioxide, that causes further constriction of the bronchioles and the rapid downward spiral into a full-blown asthmatic attack.
Lower levels of carbon dioxide also binds oxygen evermore tightly to haemoglobin, causing a shortage of free oxygen for the nourishment of other cells in the body. Carbon dioxide, as a smooth muscle dilator, is therefore important in keeping the bronchioles as well as the blood vessels (and heart) open. Blow off an excessive amount and the bronchioles go into spasm. Those with frank hyperventilation, such as phobics, can even bring on symptoms which mimic (and in extreme cases, not only mimic,) a heart attack.
The Australian study confirmed Buteyko's findings - that non-asthmatics have higher carbon dioxide levels than asthmatics. This has been corroborated by other studies. The Australian trial also replicated Buteyko's success, with 90% of those in the Buteyko group coming off their bronchodilators (compared with a poor 5% of the conventionally treated group). For those patients who were dependant on steroids, 25% in the Buteyko group were able to come off, as compared with 4% in the conventionally treated group. On numerous scores, including mood, energy, anxiety levels et cetera, the Buteyko group consistently came out on top, and continued improving as time went on. Their conventionally treated fellow-suffers, after initial brief relief, only got worse during the nine month follow-up period.
Stalamatski, during teaching sessions at London's Hale clinic, displayed an attitude towards officials (including doctors) which may be typically Russian. "I hate Doctor's: They're i